𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲

𐐈𐑌𐐮𐑋𐐩𐐻𐐯𐐼 𐑋𐐰𐐹 𐑇𐐬𐐨𐑍 𐑄 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑉𐐮𐐿𐑊 𐑀𐑉𐐬𐑃 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲

𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 𐐮𐑅 𐑄 𐐀𐑍𐑊𐐮𐑇 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐑄 𐑋𐐩𐐾𐐬𐑉 𐑅𐐮𐑂𐐮𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐩𐑇𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐐀𐑅𐐻 𐐁𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐑋𐐩𐑌𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐼. 𐐜 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐐮𐑆 中國 (𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑊 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆, 中国 𐐮𐑌 𐑅𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑊𐐮𐑁𐐴𐐼 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆; 𐐹𐑉𐐬𐑌𐐵𐑌𐑅𐐼 zhōngguó 𐐮𐑌 𐐣𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑉𐐮𐑌 𐐰𐑌𐐼 zung1gwok3 𐐮𐑌 𐐗𐐰𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑌𐐩𐑆), 𐑋𐐨𐑌𐐨𐑍 "𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐨𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋." 𐐜 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐑊𐐯𐐿𐐻𐑅 𐑄 𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑊 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑂𐐮𐐭 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐩𐑉 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐑄 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐻𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐬𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐮𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐪𐑊 𐐀𐑅𐐻 𐐁𐑈𐑌 𐑅𐐮𐑂𐐮𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐩𐑇𐑌.

𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑉𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐺 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐴𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐻𐑉𐐩𐑅𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐑄 𐑃𐐮𐑉𐐼 𐑋𐐮𐑊𐐯𐑌𐐨𐐲𐑋 𐐒𐐗. 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑊𐐯𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐼 𐐺𐐰𐐿 𐐨𐑂𐑌 𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑃𐑉, 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐑊𐐨 3000 𐐒𐐗, 𐐸𐐯𐑌𐑅 𐑄 𐐿𐐱𐑋𐑌 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋 𐐱𐑁 5000 𐐷𐐨𐑉𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑉𐐨. 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐯𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐽𐐨 𐐺𐐨𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐑄 Zhou 𐐼𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨 (ca. 1000 𐐒𐐗 𐐻𐐭 221 𐐒𐐗).

𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐭 𐐮𐑆 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐮𐑂𐐮𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐩𐑇𐑌𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐱𐑁 𐑄 𐑁𐐮𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐐺 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐑊𐐨𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐪𐐻𐐱𐐿𐑃𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑅. 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 𐐮𐐻𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑁 𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐼 𐑄 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼. 𐐜 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑊𐐩𐑍𐐶𐐮𐐾 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐴𐐻𐐨𐑍 𐑅𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑋 𐐪𐑉 𐑄 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐩𐑉 𐐿𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑊 𐐮𐑌 𐐷𐐭𐑅 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑍 𐑄 𐑊𐐱𐑍𐐯𐑅𐐻-𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐭𐑉𐐨𐑍.

𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 𐐻𐐬𐐼𐐩 𐐮𐑅 𐐼𐐮𐑂𐐴𐐼𐐯𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐨𐑆: 𐐜 𐐑𐐨𐐹𐑊'𐑆 𐐡𐐨𐐹𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 (𐑋𐐩𐑌𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲) 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑄 𐐡𐐨𐐹𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 (𐐓𐐴𐐶𐐪𐑌). 𐐣𐐩𐑌𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲 𐐮𐑆 𐑄 𐑋𐐱𐑅𐐻 𐐹𐐱𐐹𐐷𐐭𐑊𐐩𐐻𐐯𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 (2010 𐐹𐐱𐐹𐐷𐐭𐑊𐐩𐑇𐑌: ca. 1.3 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑌) 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐑊𐐪𐑉𐐾𐐯𐑅𐐻 (𐐴𐑃𐑉 𐑃𐐮𐑉𐐼 𐐬𐑉 𐑁𐐬𐑉𐑃, 𐐼𐐨𐐹𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐨𐑍 𐐱𐑌 𐐸𐐵 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐨 𐑅𐐴𐑆 𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐐰𐑊𐐿𐐷𐐭𐑊𐐩𐐻𐐯𐐼).

𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐮𐑂𐐴𐐼𐐯𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨𐑆, 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐑊𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐨𐑍 𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑊 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐐹𐐬𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐮𐐿𐑊 𐑃𐐨𐑉𐐨. 𐐜 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐬𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐨𐑆 𐐼𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐪𐑉:

• 𐐛𐑉𐐨 𐐝𐐱𐑂𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐙𐐴𐑂 𐐇𐑋𐐹𐐯𐑉𐐬𐑉𐑆 (𐑊𐐯𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐯𐑉𐐨)
• Xia 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, ca. 2100–1600 𐐒𐐗
• Shang 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, ca. 1600–1000 𐐒𐐗
• Zhou 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, ca. 1000–221 𐐒𐐗
• Qin 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 221–206 𐐒𐐗
• Han 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 202 𐐒𐐗–AD 220
• 𐐛𐑉𐐨 𐐗𐐨𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋𐑆, 220–280
• Jin 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 265–420
• 𐐝𐐲𐑃𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐤𐐬𐑉𐑃𐑉𐑌 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨𐑆, 420–589
• Sui 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 591–618
• Tang 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 618–907
• 𐐙𐐴𐑂 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐓𐐯𐑌 𐐗𐐨𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋𐑆, 907–960
• Liao 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 907–1125
• Song 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 960–1279
• Yuan 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 1271–1368
• Ming 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 1368–1644
• Qing 𐐔𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐨, 1644–1911
• 𐐡𐐨𐐹𐐷𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲, 1911–
• 𐐑𐐨𐐹𐑊'𐑆 𐐡𐐨𐐹𐐷𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐐕𐐴𐑌𐐲, 1949–

𐐢𐐨𐑌𐐿𐑅

𐐎𐐮𐐿𐐨𐐹𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲 𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐑊