𐐜 𐐔𐐪𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑉

𐐜 𐐨𐑊𐐯𐑂𐑌 𐑁𐐩𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐐗𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉.

𐐜 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐑄 𐑋𐐩𐑌 𐐿𐐰𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐻𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐐒𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑇 𐐻𐐯𐑊𐐯𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐨𐑆, 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐐𐐭. 𐐐𐐮𐑆 𐐻𐑉𐐭 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑉 𐑀𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐨𐑆, 𐐰𐑊𐑄𐐭 𐐸𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐐩𐑊𐐨𐐲𐑅𐐯𐑆 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐰𐑆 "𐐖𐐱𐑌 𐐝𐑋𐐮𐑃," 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐮𐑅 𐑌𐐮𐐿𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐩𐑆 𐐰𐑅 𐐪 𐑅𐐻𐐭𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻 𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐯𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑌 "𐐛𐐨𐐻𐐰 𐐝𐐮𐑀𐑋𐐰" (𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐯𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑃 𐐘𐑉𐐨𐐿 𐑊𐐯𐐻𐐯𐑉𐑆, ΘΣ. 𐐐𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐐯𐑉𐐬𐑌𐐨𐐲𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐑀𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑌 𐐰𐑆 "𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐐𐐭" (𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐐨𐑍 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 𐑇𐐬'𐑆 𐐿𐑊𐐬𐑅𐐨𐑍 𐐿𐑉𐐯𐐼𐐮𐐻𐑅).

𐐆𐑌 𐐷𐐭𐑌𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑉𐑅, 𐑄 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐐪 𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐢𐐬𐑉𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑄 𐐹𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐯𐐻 𐐘𐐰𐑊𐐮𐑁𐑉𐐩. 𐐜 𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐢𐐬𐑉𐐼𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐐪 𐑂𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐬𐑊𐐼, 𐐸𐐮𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐐼𐑂𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐹𐐨𐑇𐐨𐑆 𐐸𐐭𐑆 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐱𐑊𐐬𐐾𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑂𐐯𐑊, 𐐷𐐭𐑈𐐷𐐭𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐼𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐪 𐑂𐐯𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐼 𐐪 𐐓𐐪𐑉𐐼𐐮𐑅. 𐐜 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐱𐐺𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐨𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐑄 𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐢𐐬𐑉𐐼𐑅' 𐐹𐐱𐑊𐐮𐑅𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐱𐐺𐑅𐐯𐑉𐑂𐐨𐑍 𐐲𐑃𐐯𐑉 𐑉𐐩𐑅𐐯𐑆 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑉 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹𐐨𐑍 𐑄𐐯𐑋, 𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑊 𐐪 𐐓𐐪𐑉𐐼𐐮𐑅 𐐰𐑌𐐼, 𐐶𐐮𐑃 𐐸𐐮𐑅 𐑀𐑉𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐪𐐻𐐯𐑉, 𐑉𐐬𐑋𐐼 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐹𐐩𐑅. 𐐄𐑂𐐯𐑉 𐑄 𐐿𐐬𐑉𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐨𐑆, 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑀𐑉𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐪𐐻𐐯𐑉 𐑊𐐯𐑁𐐻 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐲𐑄𐐯𐑉𐑆—𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐑁𐐨𐑋𐐩𐑊𐑆 (𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐷𐐲𐑍 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐨) 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑂𐐯𐑊𐐼 𐐶𐐮𐑃 𐑄 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐐷𐐨𐑉𐑆 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐐱𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐪 𐑅𐐨𐑍𐐲𐑊 𐐯𐐹𐐮𐑅𐐬𐐼.

𐐢𐐴𐐿 𐐪𐑊 𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐢𐐬𐑉𐐼𐑆, 𐐸𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐑌𐐨𐑉 𐐼𐐯𐑃 𐑄 𐐗𐐮𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐿𐐰𐑌 "𐑉𐐨𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐯𐑉𐐩𐐻", 𐑉𐐨𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐼𐐨𐑍 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐺𐐱𐐼𐐨 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑄 𐑅𐐯𐑊 𐐲𐐹, 𐑀𐐮𐑂𐐨𐑍 𐐸𐐮𐑋 𐐪 𐑌𐐮𐐭 𐑊𐐨𐑅 𐐱𐑌 𐑊𐐴𐑁 𐐰𐑌𐐼—𐑋𐐬𐑉 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐬𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨—𐐲𐑊𐐵𐐨𐑍 𐐸𐐮𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐺 𐐹𐑊𐐩𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐪 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐻 𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐑃 𐐪 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐻 𐐹𐐯𐑉𐑅𐐱𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨, 𐐸𐐶𐐮𐐽, 𐐮𐑌 𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌, 𐐮𐑆 𐑄 𐑋𐐩𐑌 𐑁𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐺𐐨𐐸𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐑄 𐑇𐐬'𐑅 𐑉𐐯𐑋𐐰𐑉𐐿𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐑊𐐱𐑍𐐾𐐯𐑂𐐮𐐻𐐨.

𐐈𐑆 𐐲𐑂 2011, 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐯𐑊𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑌 𐐬𐑁𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐐪𐑉𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉:

• 𐐙𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐎𐐮𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑋 𐐐𐐪𐑉𐐻𐑌𐐯𐑊 (𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐡𐐮𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐐𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑊) (1963–1966)
• 𐐝𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐑𐐰𐐻𐑉𐐮𐐿 𐐓𐑉𐐵𐐻𐐲𐑌 (1966–1969)
• 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐖𐐱𐑌 𐐑𐐯𐑉𐐻𐐶𐐨 (1970–1974)
• 𐐙𐐬𐑉𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐓𐐱𐑋 𐐒𐐩𐐿𐑉 (1974–1981)
• 𐐙𐐮𐑁𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐑𐐨𐐻𐑉 𐐔𐐩𐑂𐐮𐑅𐐲𐑌 (1981–1984)
• 𐐝𐐮𐐿𐑅𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐗𐐱𐑊𐐮𐑌 𐐒𐐩𐐿𐑉 (1984–1986)
• 𐐝𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑌𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐝𐐮𐑊𐑂𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑉 𐐣𐐗𐐬𐐨 (1986–1989, 1996)
• 𐐁𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐑𐐪𐑊 𐐣𐐘𐐰𐑌 (1996)
• 𐐤𐐴𐑌𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐗𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐬𐑁𐐯𐑉 𐐇𐐿𐑊𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑌 (2005)
• 𐐓𐐯𐑌𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐔𐐩𐑂𐐮𐐼 𐐓𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻 (2005–2010)
• 𐐀𐑊𐐯𐑂𐐯𐑌𐑃 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉, 𐐣𐐰𐐻 𐐝𐑋𐐮𐑃 (2010–)

𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐪𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐿𐐵𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐯𐑅 "𐐗𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉𐑆" 𐐮𐑌 𐑅𐐹𐐭𐑁𐑅, 𐑅𐐰𐐻𐐴𐑉𐑆, 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐹𐐮𐑌-𐐱𐑁 𐑋𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲, 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐑𐐨𐐯𐐻𐐯𐑉 𐐗𐐳𐐼𐐨𐑍 𐐮𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐐𐐭 𐑋𐐭𐑂𐐨𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 1960𐑅 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐡𐐬𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐈𐐻𐐿𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐱𐑌, 𐐡𐐮𐐽𐐪𐑉𐐼 𐐇. 𐐘𐑉𐐰𐑌𐐻, 𐐖𐐮𐑋 𐐒𐑉𐐱𐐼𐐺𐐯𐑌𐐻, 𐐐𐐷𐐭 𐐘𐑉𐐰𐑌𐐻, 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐖𐐱𐐰𐑌𐐲 𐐢𐐲𐑋𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑄 1999 𐐻𐐯𐑊𐐯𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐹𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑊, "𐐜 𐐗𐐲𐑉𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐙𐐩𐐻𐐲𐑊 𐐔𐐯𐑃," 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐯𐑌 𐐺𐐴 𐑊𐐱𐑍-𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐑁𐐰𐑌 (𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐐𐐭 𐐹𐑉𐐬𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐯𐑉), 𐐝𐐻𐐨𐑂𐐯𐑌 𐐣𐐱𐑁𐐮𐐻 𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐐡𐐯𐐼 𐐤𐐬𐑆 𐐔𐐩.

𐐂𐑊𐑄𐐬 𐑄 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉'𐑆 𐐹𐐯𐑉𐑅𐐱𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾, 𐐮𐑌 𐐪𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐐪𐑉𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐑇𐐬𐑆 𐐪 𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐱𐑍 𐐿𐐱𐑋𐐮𐐻𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐴𐐯𐑌𐑅, 𐑉𐐰𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨, 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐾𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑅 𐐰𐑆 𐐶𐐯𐑊 𐐰𐑆 𐐿𐐲𐑉𐐲𐐾 𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐑋 𐐼𐐨𐑂𐐬𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐬𐑅 𐐿𐑊𐐬𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐮𐑋. 𐐐𐐨 𐐼𐐯𐐹𐑊𐐬𐑉𐑆 𐑂𐐴𐐬𐑊𐐯𐑌𐑅 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐬𐑉𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐐻 𐐮𐑁 𐑌𐐯𐑅𐐯𐑅𐐪𐑉𐐨. 𐐈𐑌𐐼, 𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐹𐐴𐐻 𐐺𐐨𐐨𐑍 𐐪 𐐹𐐱𐐹𐐷𐐭𐑊𐐪𐑉 𐐻𐐯𐑊𐐯𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐰𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐻𐐯𐑉 𐑁𐐬𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑊𐑁 𐐪 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐨, 𐐸𐐨 𐑋𐐩𐑌𐐻𐐩𐑌𐑆 𐐰𐑌 𐐩𐑉 𐐱𐑁 𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐰𐐺𐐵𐐻 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐺𐐰𐐿𐑀𐑉𐐵𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐑋𐐬𐑉 𐑄 𐐾𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑁𐐴𐑆 𐑄 𐑇𐐬'𐑆 𐑌𐐩𐑋.

𐐢𐐨𐑍𐐿𐑅

• 𐐎𐐮𐐿𐐨𐐹𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲 𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊
• 𐐜 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐱𐑌 𐑄 𐐓𐐪𐑉𐐼𐐮𐑅 𐐆𐑌𐐼𐐯 𐐙𐐴𐑊, 𐐪 𐐔𐐱𐐿𐐻𐐬𐑉 𐐐𐐭 𐐎𐐮𐐿𐐨